Antonio Caldara (ca. 1670-1736):
Sebben, crudele
(from the opera La costanza in amor vince l?inganno)
(1710; a revision of Caldara?s 1701 Opera pastorale)
Text:  Anonymous

Recorded (Schirmer Medium High) Key:  E Minor
Original (1710) Key:  E Minor
Teach-Track begins:  m. 1
Accompaniment Track begins:  m. 1
Pianist:  Daniel Michalak

N. B.  Our recordings feature the piano accompaniments as they appear in the G. Schirmer volume of 24 Italian Songs and Arias (LB1722).  These often differ in significant ways from those found in the recent John Glenn Paton (ed.) edition of 26 Italian Songs and Arias (Alfred Publishing, Van Nuys, CA, 1991): the Paton-edition accompaniments are usually sparer and simpler, and the suggested tempos often faster and more dancelike; the voice parts sometimes differ melodically and/or rhythmically; and the pieces themselves may even differ in length (e.g., because the introduction or postlude is different).  His scholarly approach, returning wherever possible to the original manuscripts, is extremely welcome, and wherever he has updated the historical record (e.g., reassigning dubious attributions, and even exposing a few pieces as deliberate forgeries) we have gratefully included this information. For each piece (see below), we have also indicated any melodic/rhythmic differences between the two editions that would directly affect the singer, so that even if you are working from the Paton edition, our recording can still be used successfully as a learning tool.  

Our experience has been that a sizeable majority of voice teachers and students remain attached to the Schirmer versions, not only because of their greater familiarity, but also because of their generally richer and fuller sound (which gives beginning voice students in particular a welcome feeling of support).  The Schirmer arrangements may not always be models of historical ?authenticity,? but  they have proven their musical effectiveness for more than a century.  Because these pieces are being used primarily to teach general principles of good singing (and because in most cases the putative ?original? versions have no comparable performance tradition of their own), such concerns are not as pertinent as they might otherwise be.  (Indeed, for several generations of singers, these versions are ?the originals? simply because we have grown up hearing them that way.)   None of this is to deny the value of historically-informed performance practice--merely to observe that the relative effectiveness of one piano accompaniment vis-a-vis another may depend on factors other than musicological correctness.   In their efforts to make these pieces both accessible and appealing to an audience still largely unacquainted with Baroque music, the original editors of the Schirmer edition (Parisotti, Banck, et al.) may occasionally have erred on the side of Romantic-period tempi and dynamics.   Yet we must remain grateful for their achievements: had they not so shrewdly tailored their versions to prevailing tastes, many of these pieces might not even remain in the repertoire today.


?Sebben, crudele?: Major Differences Between Schirmer and Paton Editions

N. B.  The Schirmer edition cuts the first 8 measures of the original piece, as well as mm. 43-46 (these measures are uncut in the Paton edition).  Thus the measure numbers of the two editions differ by 8 measures until m. 34 of the Schirmer (= 42 of the Paton), after which they differ by 12 measures.

Schirmer						Paton

Tempo:  Allegretto grazioso; 1/4 note = 84	Tempo:  Allegretto; 1/4 note = 116-132

m. 1 = m. 9 of Paton					m. 9 = m. 1 of Schirmer

mm. 13 and 61:  ?vo-? on beat 1; ?-glio? on	mm. 21 and 73: ?ti? continues on beat 1;
beat 2; ?a-? on beat 3				?vo-? on beat 2; ?-glio? as first 8th-note 
							of beat 3, ?a-? as second 8th 

mm. 25, 33, 73, and 81, voice:  two grace-		mm. 33, 41, 85, and 93, voice:  no grace-
notes precede beat 2; ?-glio? on beat 2; ?a-?	notes; ?-glio a? (elided) on last no